The world's first cases close to full face transfer success
[]: According to "wired" magazine reported that the United States surgeon Maria · Semenov first to implement nearly complete facial transplantation success. Over the years, the body of the mouse and semenoff conducted considerable research. In December 2008, she used a anonymous donors of the muscles, bones, upper lip and the nose, a young woman nearly 83 square inch of skin made a transplantation. The doctor said, patients experienced a traumatic injury, in the central part of the whole face.
2 months later, the name does not want to disclose the name and appearance of the patient's face back to some basic functionality, such as the smell, you can use the Cup to drink water. Today, she has been discharged from hospital, is gradually recovered. Semenov in the United States Association for the advancement of science annual meeting, said: "she has no nose, now not only can you eat burgers, but also can taste and smell the smell of it. ”
Heart, liver, kidney and lung transplant surgery more common, but contains skin, muscles and bones, and other types of cells in the body part transplantation is also very difficult. In 1999, doctors first hand transplant. France scientists for the first time in 2005 to implement a partial facial transplantation. However, Maria do this surgery is more complex: her donors to 80% of the patients with facial transplantation to the face.
Semenov and her research team spent several years, a large number of animal surgery, for this difficult surgery laid the Foundation. A surgical unit on the mouse to do a full face transplant need 6 hours. In the past 10 years, Cleveland Clinic in the surgery group in mice through over 1000 different types of facial transplantation for exclusion of exogenous cell body parameters. They usually give the NIH do Brown fur facial transplantation, surgery they look like wearing a leather helmet or Phantom of the Opera masks.
In human facial transplantation do the preparatory process, Semenov and colleagues also in human bodies made similar surgery. She emphasized that full facial transplantation on a "very special" patients is the final remedies. Need a complete new face of the patient's choice be limited. Doctors can insulate the body skin graft to facial transplantation, but the thigh, arm, stomach and other common sources of skin looks a bit different, being shaped effect. To avoid this problem, semenovskiy decided to use other parts of the body the skin near the part of the experiment, the results found that the patient's own body does not have any skin graft to the face after looks like facial skin. Mary advocated, on a full facial transplantation, the use of a donor of facial skin.
By the operation raises ethical concerns are also growing. The first surgery improves basic living conditions of patients, the patients are taking immunosuppressants may not be secure. In December 2008, the United States Tennessee College of medicine human values and ethics Professor Carson · Armstrong said: "a case however is a something that it doesn't become a patient to receive this kind of surgery is safe scientific basis. ”
Semenov's changing face the patient is a young woman in Afghanistan was burnt the entire face. But there is no direct challenges Semenov moral bottom line. She is in the United States Association for the advancement of science annual meeting, explained that: "why do we have to give patients for face? because no face your life will be very difficult. ”
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