The most important life sector 10 top-level creation (8)

Parasitic — Anna Gosline

This name is theft, deceit, and sneaking synonymous with evil. However, the parasites and host is the ancient battle between the evolution of the most powerful driving force. No predators and mooch, life would not have become today.

From viruses to tapeworm, barnacle to parasitic species of birds, is the planet's most successful one of life, their merciless carefully use our knowledge of every creature. Please see tapeworm, this improved parasites almost only reproductive glands and head full of hook-like body, in order to host the depths of the digestive tract of nutritious, it saved the life of the stomach. In its 18 years average life expectancy, a parasitic tapeworms in the human body can produce 100 billion stars eggs.

Many parasites, such as small liver fluke, proficient in ingenious control host behavior in art. Brain infection on fluke larvae of ants, will be forced to climb to the top of leaf, in that they are more likely to be the ultimate host on sheep eat.

"They really offensive, but they are not on their own to do a very good at?" popular France textbook as parasites of art "(The Art of Being a Parasite) translator, Professor of biology at the University of Tennessee Daniel Simberloff says," evolution may be in a very large extent driven by parasites. This is sexual reproduction of the main hypothesis boosted by continuous high article, you can get the gist of how much better? "

Mistletoe

Parasites can be proven in the most significant effect on the evolution of their scales are minimal. Bacteria, protozoa and viruses that can influence the evolution of their host, because only the most tenacious individuals to survived the infection. Human beings are no exception: If you just inherited a gene, several genetic disease gene prevents from infectious diseases. For example, a sickle blood anaemia gene copy can protect against malaria infection, this situation has continued ever since. Then have HIV and tuberculosis, making our genome evolution of part, such as immune system gene (see New Scientist, 22 November 2003, p 44).

The host can also affect the body parasites of evolution. For example, the need for human-to-human transmission of the disease is often fatal for less evolved to ensure that infected at least able to survive to the pathogen is passed to the next person.

Parasites are also in a more basic level drives the evolution. Called Transposons parasitic segment of DNA can be found in the entire genome-wide clip themselves into a new gene, or stirred the mutation and DNA of mixed, which exacerbated the genetic variation. They are already involved in the origin of, because they may promote the formation of cell fusion and gametes.

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