Where we come from? human origin of dispute (map)

The origins of mankind, there are two concepts: the origins of the human family and the origins of modern people. For one section of the common ancestor of about 700 years ago to 500 million years ago roots in Africa, the academic community is at present no less controversial.

For that the origin of modern humans exist two hypotheses, many scientists supports the "origin" in Africa, Africa is the home of modern man; a small number of scientists are supporting "in evolutionary said," that is, think that modern man is at the origin of the Eurasian non-respective.

Modern African origins of the view that the ancestors of modern people dates back to about 15 million years ago of a woman in Africa "Eve". The original Asian continent were all cold glaciers, natural elimination, the descendants of the "Eve" started by the African continent to the other continents of the world, migration within 5-6 years ago came to China, accrue multiply, and at the same time in all parts of the evolvement of the cave man is truly modern sense of the human race.

In 1987, the United States scientists Wallace and Wilson were led by two laboratory detection of mitochondrial DNA in the genetic material found that people today can be traced back to their ancestors to about 15 million years ago lived in Africa for a woman. After the start of the modern human part from the African continent to the world the other continents migration and at the same time the evolution of mankind by burrowing into real modern sense of the human race. This point of view this as an international academic argument of "focus".

On 7 March 2005 on Science magazine, published articles, Cambridge University's three researchers to modern humans from the African continent to the world the other continents migration of geographical location and the corresponding population study of gene analysis. Find the distance from Ethiopia (African and Eastern countries) and the Ethiopian room showed very little genetic variability. Modern humans began from the African continent to the world the other continents migration route, gene diversity characteristic manifestations not obvious, not a large number of gene disruption. This inference, which further proves that modern humans originated in Africa "said."

For "out of Africa," said one of the two key issues are migratory route. Two independent research team through the human mitochondrial DNA studies have found that the ancestors of modern humans as early as possible along the Indian Ocean coastline "out of Africa", and then move to the world, and its movement speed far beyond earlier estimates. The traditional doctrine that modern human ancestors might be moved to the Middle East and Central Asia region, and then to other parts of Asia and Europe, etc.

Another key issue is out of Africa. At first, scientists reasoned time in about 10 years ago, but after scientists a new round of analysis determined that the fossil is about the history of the Wannian 19.5 than it previously presumed earlier 6.5 million years. Genetic studies have speculated that Homo (i.e. people) should come from approximately 20 million years ago, but this new study results coincided with genetic research results.

Scientists believe that the revision of time so that the "modern humans originated in Africa" theory is more persuasive. Date of early modern ahead of time so that these people have more time to develop their cultural property, so they spread from the African continent to Asia and Europe.

Highly educated women sell egg money troubles and bad unknown

United States girls love for money to sell eggs back pain, there is no exact results

Someone from the egg donation in the pleasure of helping others, and some that are just for the sake of money. From ordinary thousands of dollars to the elite of 10 million u.s. dollars, these seemingly easy to get high returns for the young United States girls more of bikers. In addition to the contributions which have to put up with some pain, donors also face the risk of what kind of physical, psychological and social ethics at the individuals faced with what kind of pressure, yet scientists give exact results.

Jamie · Gallen Blech feeling is not very comfortable, but also no appetite to eat, because the previous morning her in the Hospital made a small operation of assisted reproduction, doctor spent 45 minutes from her ovaries extracted 66 eggs.

Although some physical endurance, but Ghar Blech think this just own a small price to pay, a couple from Boston to buy eggs paid her $ enough to let her 1.5 endure suffering. This is the QAR Blech 3 years the 4th best selling eggs, then she also intends to mid-July to New Jersey and then sell a eggs.

Section no. 000 donors

Ghar Blech in order to pay tuition to sell eggs, her fourth best selling the eggs of the remuneration is 1.5 million there is a saying more appealing, Ghar Blech is done to help others, this has fathered two children of the soldier's wife, hope those unhappy family can enjoy the happiness of childbearing. To some extent, this is, indeed, she frequently sell out the motive of the egg cell. In addition to? Ghar Blech to bank loans 1.4 million to pay tuition, she is in the United States well-known pure network University Phoenix University Ryerson. There are also people who rent, living expenses, these are also she had to sell eggs.

Ghar Blech selling eggs of remuneration in the "business" was relatively high, and the general price is around us $ 5000. Ghar Blech live in the United States of Michigan and the sale of eggs in Michigan is not legitimate, so she came to Massachusetts.

In the decision to purchase the QAR Blech eggs before the couple have been through del Blech from babies to teenagers to adults, each growth stage of the photo, they even look at Ghar Blech two children photos. 27-year-old GAL Blech 1.72 m in height, with a pair of green eyes and a natural blonde, looks fairly fine complexion, but ultimately the buyer choose Ghar Blech is because she's selling eggs prior experience, her first three selling eggs out of the doctor every time at least 40 eggs, this figure is generally sold twice the number of eggs, and Ghar Blech egg let three buyers are successful birth to healthy children, these experiences allow buyer is movable. It is also precisely because these good records, Ghar Blech price from $ 5000 to 8000 US dollars, it is up to us $ 1.5 million.

Ghar Blech and she is nursing sister University is planning to create an intermediary company, recruited other selling eggs ', the company came forward to find buyers and make contact. Currently, the two sisters have friends in recruitment to the part of those who are willing to sell eggs, she both also ambitious to find more like-minded persons.

Answer the questions who know their fate forecast formula of "death"

According to the associated press reported 14 United States researchers launched a prediction of the so-called "death" of testing services to answer to some questions you answer, you can know your "destiny". This service an airless and immediately had a great controversy.

San Francisco elderly Affairs Medical Center of Dr Lee on 11701 over 50 years of United States persons survey conducted extensive research, and health characteristics of the participants continued to track the last 4 years, design has the ability to predict the probability of death in 4 years "formula".　　Dr Lee said that the test of accuracy up to 81%. Prediction of the "death", the researchers for over 50 years of age in the crowd design 12 issues, by answering 12 questions, this answer to get score, and then set of formulas, you can know the odds of 4 years from the death.

"Life and death prediction formula"

12 questions and scoring

1. age: 60 ~ 64: 1; 65 ~ 69: 2 min. 70 ~ 74-year-old: 3 minutes; 75-79: 4 min 80 ~ 84-year-old;: 5 minutes; 85 years and over: 7 points.

2. sex: male: 2 minutes.

3. obesity index: the number of kilograms of weight divided by height (m) results in 25 following (normal body weight or a little thin by): 1 min.

4. diabetes: 2 minutes.

5. cancer (except mild skin cancer): 2 minutes.

6. chronic diseases affecting the capacity of action or demand at home oxygen: 2 minutes.

7. congestive heart failure: 2 minutes.

8. over the past few weeks smoked: 2 minutes.

9. because of health reasons could not swim or bathe or suffering from a memory barrier: 2 minutes.

10. for reasons of health or memory management, a property or record expenditure chargeable number of difficulties: 2 minutes.

11. walk several blocks asthma have no: 2 minutes.

12. because of health problems cannot lift: 1 minute and towing.

Scores answers to 0 ~ 5 minutes: the probability of death is less than 4%; 6 ~ 9 minute: death by 15 per cent; 10 ~ 13 min: 42 per cent probability of death;

More than 14 minutes: the probability of death is 64%. Integrated

Over a hundred-year-old's life and struggle of super human science

Cambridge genetics Department of Geriatrics biologists Aubrey de Grey (Aubrey de Grey) wearing dirty jeans with a pair of blue eyes, a long red complex beard, seems to be the core of Frankenstein. 　　　　But in the last year, this self-taught scholars to its theory on human aging aroused great attention. Mr. de Grey, 30 years later, human life has the potential to significantly extended. He said: "with drug efficacy, we must be like today treat many diseases, solving the problem of aging. "He believes today's many people may live to be 150 years old, or even longer. It's a bold prediction is based under the leadership of Mr. de Grey's a research project: "artificial control slow aging project". The research project to identify the seven and aging-related molecules or cells from damage, each "has the potential to solve through technical means, these technical means there's now exists, there is a positive development. "In the scientific community, de Grey has obsessed with suspicion. He is a pioneer or a nerd? is too naive or EVTA? but one thing is clear: his theory whether people agree that he's the man everyone is difficult to ignore. Chicago School of public health, epidemiology Professor Jay • aoshima ansky (Jay Olshansky) admitted: "I'm Aubrey fanatic admirers. We need him. I don't agree with his conclusions, but from the scientific terms, this doesn't matter, this can contribute to the advancement of the discipline. "De Mr. grey areas in other concerns are important. He became a new political movement in the United Kingdom the "spokesman". This political movement known as the "super human doctrine" (transhumanism), nowadays the Atlantic is getting more and more support. 　　　　The main credo of the campaign is the scientific and technological progress can give people free from disease and aging, let us live longer, healthier lives. "Super human doctrine" in the most basic form, is to promote we embrace new technologies, such as increasing intellectual drugs, surgical facelift and gene therapy, these new technologies can enhance our physical and mental ability, and let our "good good" is on the increase. Belong to the "super human doctrine" of some Futurists is even more extreme. For example, has recently published a new book "exceptional and not far away" (The Singularity is Near) Ray • Kurzweil (Ray Kurzweil) said, "ultimately, we will blend in with the technology ... To 2140, US intelligence in the capacity of non-biological parts will be the biological capacity of billions of times part. "These prophecies in the conservative religious and cultural community stirred up strong response, they think that super human is human nature. This prophecy as the freedom the leftist parties of bounce, they warned super human chauvinism may affect human equality and human rights. 　　　　United States scholar Francis • Francis Fukuyama (Francis Fukuyama) of the "super human" described as "the world's most dangerous idea". However, the human self improvement technique is starting from science fiction to go into the lab, and ultimately into the market, these response is no longer enough. 　　　　"Super human doctrine" is the driving force behind the progress that want to expand an existing pharmaceutical health care models, to enable mankind to live longer, healthier and more fulfilling. If these technologies are strict management, and truly allow public discussion, they have every reason to receive extensive support from the public. If you have a choice, most of us are willing to take this opportunity to live a longer, more than often say "life septuagenarians", even if we have to eat a wide variety of new drugs. Facelift for explosive growth illustrates that attitudes with each passing day. 　　　　These new technologies have to be tolerated by the people, but now it is in the TV show and fashion magazines, cosmetic surgery. 　　　　The key question is who can make the human self improvement and life extension ideas become mainstream? politicians and business leaders are trying to address the rising cost of pensions and health care, so you can understand that they may go to daydream a everyone can live 100 years old (but will also work) of the world. De Grey is Mr. himself as a champion of social reform movement, he must juggle callsign, let us start with the "support aging trance" awoke, not because of the State of impediment to seize the opportunities of longevity, etc. His arguments are not unreasonable. If politics is not to improve the quality of life, a longer life, then what is? super humans who have helped us a favor, to help us define a faction of political struggle, and this struggle has not begun.

The human body is a spontaneous combustion is still difficult to mysteries

The so-called human phenomenon of spontaneous combustion, refers to a person's physical contact with the outside world at the end of the race itself to ignition. This strange phenomenon, the oldest found in seventeenth-century medical reports. To the 20th century, there were 200 incidents occur.

At the beginning of the 19th century, some people think that this kind of disaster just befall those excessive alcohol obesity and women living alone. But the numerous examples prove that later, the approximate number of men and women victims of gender equality, age from infants to 114-year-old has a variety of age groups, and there are a lot of cases is no fire place themselves without burning.

Earlier most sufficient evidence that one of the spontaneous events, the human body by Bartok forest in 1673, made a record. That was a poor women in Paris, one night went home to bed after a night of spontaneous combustion. The next morning she was found only in the head and fingers left over from the other parts of the body burning to the ground. According to this spontaneous events from France who Maurer in 1800 published its first articles about the human body to spontaneous combustion.

After a short time, France, United Kingdom, intended to facilitate had caused a sensation of spontaneous combustion in the human body. A recent comparison of influential 1976 27 December, from the Al Leah Herald "reported by La Goss, a family of seven, six members of the burned to death, became the most difficult to explain the mystery. Report says: "the field investigation showed that the wood room all objects intact, even the bedding also neatly on the bed, but they burnt the severity of the deceased, the room should not in all."

Although a lot of police, fire brigade, arson cases expert, pathologists have made a lot of evidence, but at present there is no reasonable arguments to justify human physiology is spontaneous or even reduced to ashes. In accordance with the general terms, the body's organs and tissues and bones only 900-1000 degrees Celsius of hypertension may crematoria burned to ashes, and its own incredible combustion. In addition it has been suggested other spontaneous factors, such as Meteor, lightning, explosion, in Atomic laser beam, magnetic energy, etc., but these kind of conditions we can play a role in formation of spontaneous combustion, there is no explanation. In short, the human body to spontaneous combustion phenomena is still a difficult puzzle.

"Heart" of the driver to the poet's heart with memory function

United States scientists study found that the human heart and maybe some kind of "thinking and memory function"! this is what many patients receiving a heart transplant surgery personality change, inherited the heart donor personality. According to statistics, every 10 cases accepted for heart surgery patients, there is one character change occurs.

"Heart" drivers become poet

It is reported that United States 40-year-old retired truck driver Jim · Clark has never been an unhappy person, he never gave the wife Maggie wrote a letter, since he was 15 he left school, grammar errors. So when the last day, Jim suddenly sit on the table and began to write a line to his wife love poems, expression and emotion, he felt a shock. Original, JEM in half a year ago has just received a heart transplant surgery, he was convinced that his poem "quirks" comes from the heart of the transplantations, because the donor family loves writing poetry.

Heart memory cells work

Mathematical Association of United States California heart experts also believe that the heart is not a "pump", they have recently found a way to have a long-term and short-term memory of neurons is indeed in heart, and a small but complex nervous system. "Memory" of the heart with perspective is still not recognized by the mainstream medical profession, but many accept the heart transplant patients are convinced that there is no theory can explain in their possession of a series of strange things.

A pregnant belly twins fratricidal helpless killed a PO-a

According to the United Kingdom the mail on Sunday reported 19, conceives twins of United Kingdom Nottinghamshire 26-year-old woman Sarah-gelatt was the doctor informed, a rare disorder leading to her belly of a fetus is slowly killing another fetus. Sarah either combine the two fetuses with abortion, or risking abortion one tire, save another fetus.

Painful Sarah decided to accept the operation, kill a fetus that rescuing another fetus. It is reported that the Sara there are already 4 months pregnant, she encountered is the rare "twins reverse artery reperfusion syndrome", this means her womb of one embryo congenital organ disorders, there is no chance of survival, but it is still growing, the health of the fetus from the body to draw blood. If Sarah continued pregnancy, then the two fetuses have no chance of survival.

It is reported that on 21 February, the United Kingdom Birmingham women's hospital physician through a keyhole surgery "," end the patient's pregnancy, fetal surgery may result in the Sala fetal health also abortion. According to experts, the termination of pregnancy for fetal will still remain in the Sala of the uterus, but the doctor said that, if the operation is successful, the killed the fetus will not affect the other healthy fetal life. It is reported that the "twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome" only occurs in pregnant women with twins, this disease is so rare, each 35000 pregnancy may appear only in a case. (Clancy)

Discover the world's biggest carnivorous dinosaur (map)

Similar crocodile large mouth of giant dinosaurs

According to the United Kingdom the Daily Telegraph has reported that Italy scientists have recently identified a similar to crocodile large mouth of the giant dinosaur Tyrannosaurus Rex, as the replacement of the planet ever lives Max carnivores.

Italy Milan Museum of natural history by Cristino · Dell · Sasso and his colleagues were testing a Morocco dinosaur fossils, after surveying the mouth was up to 1 m. In addition, they also analyses the previous piece of unidentified dinosaur skull fossils. The researchers speculate that the skull at least 2 meters long.

New discovery of dinosaur remains indicate that this dinosaur Minister from nose to tail up to 19 meters, more than 8 tons, its competitors Tyrannosaurus Rex, before it is like GNOME. This Super beast live in 100 million years ago during the Cretaceous period, mainly in the Sahara and the nearby bogs or rivers. Fossils show this super predators is the main food fishes. This dinosaur is also used in hindlimb walk, it's back with two meters long spine, supporting its robust forelimb, make it more effective predator prey.

The scientists in their skull fragment analysis found that, even if the Jurassic Park 3 "in the monster — up to 44 feet spike Dragon, than most larger Tyrannosaurus nor and its tall ruthless, fear is the only Japan Monster" Godzilla "with it's a fight.

Italy Milan Museum of natural history dinosaurs researcher Dr. Paul · Balart said: "after the study we found that this new type of dinosaur may be larger than Tyrannosaurus Rex, thereby becoming used to live on the Earth's largest carnivorous animals."

Taiwan woman and her husband property sub comatose

According to the new Ming daily coverage of Singapore, Taiwan a Nannie young woman, and has been in bed for vegetables, making her husband gave birth to a baby boy, as being the only husband continued fragrance lamp. This vegetable strange sensation Toi birth.

But is there a fertility-comatose, neighbors, young women suffering from "red affair" gossip hurt, but Ong Ka po believe on the son sense daughter-in-law was innocent, Yan refused to do a paternity test. Homes at Taichung's 28-year-old young woman 5 years ago and her three-year-old husband married, and UB.

Three years ago with her husband in a car accident in the head damage become comatose from ill afford, live by the wife cared for. In March of this year after the death of her husband, she was still with her in-laws, mid-June, women gave birth to a baby boy.

Young woman birth became the laughingstock of the neighbors, that address the vegetable can not have fertility, also recommended that the woman's parents-child with brides do prison. However, the woman her in-laws has supported the daughter-in-law, thank her sense, elder care in bed's son. Young women also said that the most difficult day has passed, no matter how foreigners see her, now just want to take good care of the husband's flesh and blood.

Chicken with long teeth and crocodiles and ancestors (map)

Long teeth of chicken embryos

TOM-24 February 2006, the United States rising recently, University of Wisconsin Wiregrass laboratory Mathieu · Harris found at a chicken embryo beak on the edge of a small like a tooth-like Protuberance — accurately, like the crocodile teeth. This accidental discovery shows that despite the long bird has lost this physical characteristics, but the chicken while retaining the long teeth.

The beginning of the 19th century, comparative anatomy co-founder Ian Martini · Kyrgyzstan · Russia Vladimir Roy St. · West lari in Parrot's beak on the embryo found similar teeth small Protuberance, but because he was busy and George · library Weir on the theory of evolution genetics issues of controversy, and the discovery of forgotten. 200 years after, then a graduate student rediscovered.

Responsible for directing the work of Harris of biologist John · French explained: "they did not grow in the lower jaw, but long out of the conical Sabre-like early teeth. The teeth of other animals is a crocodile. ”

Prior to this, also had the scientists try to keep chickens grow teeth. However they are mouse genetic information intervention to chicken, complete, and this way make chicken growths is a mammal of the lower jaw. While chicken body potential long teeth capacity is from the same ancestor for crocodile zulong there passed on.

Life has hair is no longer a dream

Life keep hair is Oriental dream. Recently, L'Oreal Research Institute has found the secret of the hair: a tyrosinase protein 2 (TRP2) of the genetic code in holds hair black and white. If you can find the control the genetic code, life Jet-Black beautiful hair is no longer a dream.

Experts pointed out that for a long time, people know that hair turns white is the result of the lack of melanin, the cause may be due to genetic, it may also be due to the metabolism of pigment in the hair of natural aging, no new melanin. However, skin and hair, the same color by melanosomes decided, why the melanin in the skin will not be lost?

Expert in the study of skin and hair melanin cells found in the melanocytes in the deep, specialized and pigmented cells of tyrosinase, tyrosinase protein 1 (TRP1) and tyrosinase protein 2 (TRP2) these three enzymes common role, Brown melanin and really two pigment melanin. And password in the hair follicle TRP2 genes selectively expressed as hidden. Experimental results show that the synthesis of human body TRP2 Palm, melanin is indispensable, the disappearing of melanocytes, and does not contain TRP2 of melanocytes.

Researchers believe that the decision of the black and white hair, TRP2 genetic code may play a crucial role. From this standpoint, the skin melanocytes in the nature of this protein, relations with the survival of these cells. If you can find the control method of password TRP2 gene, life Jet-Black beautiful hair is no longer a dream.